Cluster Node Configurations
The most common size for an high availability cluster is a two-node cluster, since that's the minimum required to assure redundancy, but many clusters consist of many more, sometimes dozens of nodes and such configurations can be categorized into one of the following models:
Active/Passive Cluster
In an Active/Passive (or asymmetric) configuration, applications run on a primary, or master, server. A dedicated redundant server is present to take over on any failure but apart from that it is not configured to perform any other functions. Thus, at any time, one of the nodes is active and the other is passive. This configuration provides a fully redundant instance of each node, which is only brought online when its associated primary node fails.
The active/passive cluster generally contains two identical nodes. Database applications single instances are installed on both nodes, but the database is located on shared storage. During normal operation, the database instance runs only on the active node. In the event of a failure of the currently active primary system, clustering software will transfer control of the disk subsystem to the secondary system. As part of the failover process, the database instance on the secondary node is started, thereby resuming the service.
This configuration is the simplest and most reliable but typically requires the most extra hardware.
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